Lesson 10
Weather and Seasons
الطقس والفصول
Describe the weather and talk about the four seasons. This unit strengthens adjective agreement and introduces more descriptive vocabulary.
Weather Vocabulary
ArabicTransliterationMeaning
شَمْس / مُشْمِسshams / mushmissun / sunny
مَطَر / مُمْطِرmaṭar / mumṭirrain / rainy
بَارِدbāridcold
حَارّḥārrhot
رِيحrīḥwind
ثَلْجthaljsnow / ice
Four Seasons
ArabicTransliterationSeason
الرَّبِيعar-rabīʿSpring
الصَّيْفaṣ-ṣayfSummer
الْخَرِيفal-kharīfAutumn
الشِّتَاءash-shitāʾWinter
كَيْفَ الطَّقْسُ الْيَوْم؟ الطَّقْسُ حَارٌّ جِدّاً وَالشَّمْسُ مُشْرِقَة
Kayfa ṭ-ṭaqsu l-yawm? Aṭ-ṭaqsu ḥārrun jiddan wa-sh-shamsu mushriqah
How is the weather today? The weather is very hot and the sun is bright.
- Adjective agreement: الطَّقْسُ حَارّ (m) vs الشَّمْسُ حَارَّة (f) adjective follows noun in gender.
- جِدّاً: "Very" an intensifier placed after the adjective.
- Seasons are masculine: فِي الصَّيْفِ (in summer) note genitive kasra after preposition فِي.
- Quranic weather: Many weather words appear in the Quran الرِّيح (wind), الْمَطَر (rain), الثَّلْج (snow) giving these words a rich layer of meaning.