The Madinah Arabic Course

haadhaa for masculine nouns. Building the first Arabic sentence: "This is a book." Subject and predicate without a verb.

dhaalika for masculine nouns at a distance. Contrast with haadhaa. Simple noun sentences extended.

Solar and lunar letters. How the laam assimilates with sun letters and stays distinct with moon letters.

في، على، من، إلى with huwa/hiya. Forming: "The book is on the table." Sentence-type variation.

laam al-milk (لِ) for possession. The vocative particle yaa (يا) for address. Mabni (indeclinable) words.

haadhihi and tilka for feminine nouns. Taa' marbuta and grammatical gender introduced systematically.

Deeper application of haadhihi/tilka. Shaddah in verb and noun contexts. Case endings revisited.

Consolidation of lessons 1–7. Reading passages, question/answer patterns, and new vocabulary.

Who/which/that clauses. alladhī (masculine) and allatī (feminine) with complete relative clauses.

Pronouns attached to nouns: kitaabī (my book), kitaabuka (your book). All 3rd/2nd/1st person forms.

Prepositions taking pronoun suffixes. Introduction to present-tense (mudaari') verb conjugation for huwa.

Feminine subject agreement with verbs. Converting huwa conjugations to hiya. Conversation structure.

Plural demonstratives for human nouns. Non-human plural treated as feminine singular in Arabic.

Third-person plural and dual pronouns. Verb conjugation for each. Reading passage with groups of people.

antum (you-pl-masc) and antumaa (you-dual). Full present-tense table for 2nd person.

hunna and antunna. Temporal vocabulary: al-yawm, ghadan, ams. All pronoun forms now complete.

Sound plural vs broken plural (jam' takseer). Why non-human plurals use feminine agreement. Patterns.

The dual suffix -aani/-ayni on nouns and adjectives. Interrogative haa man / maa haadha revisited.

The famous Arabic number/noun gender reversal (Rule of Polarity). Numbers with masculine counted nouns.

Same numbers with feminine nouns. Understanding taa' marbuta appearing on masculine numbers (1–2 excluded).

Nouns that never take tanwīn and use fatḥa instead of kasra in the genitive. Common diptote categories.

Further diptote patterns: patterns of past-tense verb forms, colour/defect adjectives (af'al), feminine proper nouns.

Definite, indefinite, proper, derived, mabnī nouns. Book One grammar consolidation before advancing.

Full table of demonstratives. Relative pronouns for dual/plural. Extended reading practice.

The three Arabic cases and their markers. Understanding why a word changes its ending.

Numbers 11–12 (invariable form), 13–19 (reversed gender), and the tens 20–90. Ordinal numbers introduced.

Past-tense (maadī) conjugation for all 13 persons. The verb kataba (كتب) as the model. Tri-literal root system.

All 13 forms of the mudaari' verb. The four indicative endings (ُ ،ونَ ،ينَ ،انِ). Reading practice.

Deriving the command form from the present tense. 2nd-person masculine/feminine/plural imperatives.

Verbs with no weak letters (wāw/yā'). Full past/present paradigm with vocabulary from Qur'ānic and ḥadīth sources.

Verbs containing wāw or yā' in root position. How the letter changes or drops across conjugations.

Verbs that take a direct object vs those that do not. Identifying each from context and meaning.

Transforming active sentences to passive. Vowel pattern changes: kataba → kutiba. Naib al-faa'il.

Present-tense forms with a visible final nūn (إعراب بالنون). When the nūn drops in subjunctive/jussive.

Man, maa, mataa, ayna, kayfa, limaa, kam, ayy. Forming complete questions and their expected answers.

Full table of anaa, anta, anti, huwa, hiya, naḥnu, antum, hum, etc. in all positions.

Object pronouns on verbs: 'allamahū (taught him). Pronoun suffixes after prepositions: fīhi, minhu.

The infinitive form derived from verbs. Form I masdar patterns. Use as subject, object, or after prepositions.

When tanwīn appears, when it does not. Case markers on definite, diptote, and indeclinable nouns.

Deficient verbs (af'aal naaqisa): kaana, ṣaara, laysa, aṣbaḥa, etc. Their subject stays nominative; predicate takes accusative.

The particles that pull the subject to accusative: inna, anna, laakinna, ka'anna, layta, la'alla.

Four negation tools: lam (jussive past), lan (subjunctive future), laa (prohibition), maa (past negation). Practical sentences.

The subject of a verb-first sentence. Case marking (nominative). Agreement rules with the verb.

The "promoted" object in a passive sentence. Its nominative case and verb agreement rules.

The construct state: kitaabu l-waladi (the boy's book). First noun never takes tanwīn or the definite article.

Four-way agreement: gender, number, case, definiteness. Broken plural adjectives for non-humans.

Time and place adverbials taking accusative. Common adverbials: hunaa, hunaaka, ghadan, al-yawm.

Consolidation of lessons 24–47 through extended reading, dialogue, and grammar exercises.

Descriptive accusative showing the state of the subject/object at the time of the action. Agreement rules.

Disambiguating accusative nouns: kam + tamyīz. Numbers with tamyīz. Sentences like: "I bought twenty books."

Structures with illā: "Everyone came except Khalid." Three cases depending on sentence type.

All Arabic prepositions with their specific meanings and the genitive they govern. Idiomatic usage from Qur'ānic texts.

Relative clauses with all relative pronoun forms. The linking pronoun (ضمير الصلة) in the relative clause.

Verbal emphasis (nafs, 'ain, kulluhum, ajma'ūn) and repetition for intensification.

A noun following another that identifies or clarifies it. Four types of badal. Case follows the first noun.

Coordinating conjunctions: wa, fa, thumma, aw, am, lākin, bal, ḥattā. Case of the conjoined noun.

Calling someone: yaa + vocative. Case changes with yaa. Use of ayyuhaa for definite vocatives.

af'al pattern for comparative/superlative. "More eloquent," "the greatest." Agreement and use with min.

Full review of lessons 49–58. Reading texts, iʿrāb analysis, and composition exercises.

Real conditions (in + jussive) and unreal conditions (law + past). The jawab al-shart clause.

Command (amr), prohibition (nahy), request (iltimās), and wish (tamannī). Stylistic differences.

Two formulae: maa af'alahu and af'il bihi. "How eloquent he is!" Derived from the superlative pattern.

Urging toward something good (ighrā') and warning away from harm (taḥdhīr). Structures using iyyāka.

Special verbs ni'ma (how excellent!) and bi'sa (how wretched!). Syntactic structure and Qur'ānic examples.

All Book Two structures reviewed through a long reading text, full iʿrāb practice, and composition.

The accusative direct object. Explicit and implicit (pronoun) objects. Position before and after the verb.

Verbal noun in accusative to emphasize, confirm, or specify the type of action. Common in Qur'ānic style.

Explaining the reason for an action in accusative form. "He stood out of respect." Conditions for use.

The noun after the wāw of accompaniment: "I walked with/along the river." Accusative after this wāw.

Single-word ḥāl vs ḥāl sentences (jumla ḥāliyya). Conditions: definiteness of dhū l-ḥāl, case marking.

Tamyīz of number vs tamyīz of ratio (nisbah). "He is more generous than you in soul." Full case analysis.

Exception with illā in a complete positive sentence: the excluded noun is always accusative.

Exception in negative or incomplete sentences. The excluded noun follows the case required by the sentence.

Alternative exclusion particles ghayr and siwaa. They function as nouns in construction; the excluded noun is genitive after them.

Rare prepositions, prepositions governing the accusative, and Qur'ānic prepositional usage.

Real (ḥaqīqī) vs explanatory (sababī) naʿt. Agreement rules for each. Naʿt as a sentence clause.

Full coverage of all 'atf particles and their implications for meaning and case. Compound sentences.

All four types: substitutive, partial, inclusive, and error-correction. Qur'ānic examples for each.

Lexical emphasis nouns (nafs, 'ain, kulluhum, kilaa, etc.) with all agreement patterns.

All five types of vocative nouns. Case marking for each. Elision of the yaa in Qur'ānic style.

Full rules for both exclamation formulae, including verbs that cannot form ta'ajjub and alternative expressions.

Extended coverage: ḥabbadha, la'ima, and sā'a as additional madḥ/dhamm verbs. Qur'ānic usage.

All usage scenarios of af'al al-tafḍīl: with min, with the definite article, in iḍāfa. The afḍal fiʿl form.

All shartf particles: in, man, maa, ayna, mataa, etc. The effect of each on verb mood. Qur'ānic conditionals.

Morphology as the science of word structure. The three-letter root (جذر) and how all Arabic words derive from roots.

Form I: fa'ala, fa'ila, fa'ula. The six sub-types based on vowel pattern. Meaning and common verbs.

af'ala (IV) for causatives, fa''ala (II) for intensives, faa'ala (III) for mutuality. Masdars and meanings.

V (tafa''ala) reflexive of II. VI (tafaa'ala) reflexive/reciprocal of III. Masdars, patterns, and vocabulary.

VII (infa'ala): passive/reflexive. VIII (ifta'ala): reflexive/middle. Notable vocabulary and Qur'ānic occurrence.

IX (if'alla): colours and defects. X (istaf'ala): seeking/considering. Masdar patterns and common vocabulary.

Active and passive participles from all verb measures. Their iʿrāb, agreement, and use as verbal nouns.

mif'al / mif'aala patterns for instruments. maf'al / maf'il / maf'ala for place/time nouns.

Comprehensive final review. Reading from classical texts, full iʿrāb analysis, and Ṣarf of complex vocabulary.