Lesson 48
Revision Book Two, Part One
مراجعة الجزء الأول
Consolidation of lessons 24–47: declension, verbs (past/present/passive), relative pronouns, iḍāfa, adjective agreement, and adverbials. Test yourself with the extended reading and analysis exercises below.
Review of Core Structures (Lessons 24–47)
StructureKey Rule
Three casesNominative (subject), Accusative (object/adverb), Genitive (after prep/iḍāfa)
Passive voiceVowel change: فَعَلَ → فُعِلَ; نَائِب الْفَاعِل = nominative
كان sistersSubject = nominative; predicate = accusative
إِنَّ sistersSubject (اسم إِنَّ) = accusative; predicate = nominative
IḍāfaFirst noun: no article, no tanwīn; second noun: genitive
Adjective agreement4-way: gender, number, case, definiteness
Five Verbs (أفعال الخمسة)Indicative: nūn stays; Subjunctive/Jussive: nūn drops
Adverbials (ظرف)Accusative case; place/time; iḍāfa-based forms
Sentence Analysis Practice
ElementWordFunction / Case
كانكَانَVerb kāna sister, past
اسم كانالطَّالِبُSubject nominative
نعتالْمُجْتَهِدُAdjective definite nominative
جملة صلةالَّذِي دَرَسَRelative clause modifying subject
إضافةجَامِعَةِ الْمَدِينَةِIḍāfa genitive after فِي
خبر كانيَقْرَأُPredicate present verb (ongoing past)
مفعول بهالْكُتُبَDirect object accusative
ظرف زمانكُلَّ يَوْمٍTime adverb accusative iḍāfa
كَانَ الطَّالِبُ الْمُجْتَهِدُ الَّذِي دَرَسَ فِي جَامِعَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ يَقْرَأُ الْكُتُبَ كُلَّ يَوْم
Kāna ṭ-ṭālibu l-mujtahidu lladhī darasa fī jāmiʿati l-madīnati yaqraʾu l-kutuba kulla yawm
The hardworking student who studied at the University of Madinah used to read books every day.
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ الصَّالِحَ الَّذِي يَتَّقِي اللَّهَ يُكْرَمُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَة
Inna r-rajula ṣ-ṣāliḥa lladhī yattaqī llāha yukramu fī d-dunyā wa-l-ākhira
Indeed the righteous man who fears Allah is honoured in this world and the next.
- The first sentence contains كان, النعت, الذي relative clause, iḍāfa, present verb as kāna predicate, and adverbial all from lessons 24–47.
- The second sentence uses إِنَّ (accusative subject), نعت, relative clause, passive verb يُكْرَمُ, and adverbial analyse each element.
- Book 2 introduced the full verb system: past, present, passive, imperative, and their moods building the complete grammatical toolkit.
- Memorise the case-trigger pairs: كان/إن both have subjects and predicates but in opposite cases a common exam question.
- Weak verbs, diptotes, and the Five Verbs are three areas where Arabic deviates from the basic pattern review them actively.