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Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr The Complete Qurʾān Commentary · Juzʾ Tabārak and Juzʾ ʿAmma Surahs 67–114
Lesson 71

Sūrah Nūḥ Noah

نوح

28 verses, Makkī. The full story of Nūḥ from his own perspective his 950 years of calling his people, their obstinate rejection, his strategies of night and day calling, public and private calling. His final prayer against them. The command to build the ark. Ask forgiveness of your Lord He will send rain upon you and increase you in wealth and children.

Surah Overview

DetailInformationClassificationSignificance
SurahنوحNūḥ Noah950 years of calling the longest prophetic mission
TypeMakkī28 versesJuzʾ 29
The four strategiesNight and day · Public and private (71:5–9)Every method tried for 950 yearsIbn Kathīr: the model of comprehensive daʿwah
Istighfār and rainSeek forgiveness He sends rain, wealth, children (71:10–12)Istighfār as a cause of worldly blessingsIbn Kathīr: the most comprehensive rain-seeking duʿāʾ

Key Themes from Ibn Kathīr

Nūḥ's four-method daʿwah (71:5–9): "I called my people night and day but my calling increased them only in flight. And whenever I called them that You might forgive them, they put their fingers in their ears, covered themselves with their garments, persisted and were arrogant with great arrogance. Then I called them publicly. Then I announced to them and confided to them secretly." Ibn Kathīr: four methods day, night, public, private. Nūḥ exhausted every avenue of daʿwah across 950 years without despair the model for every Muslim who calls others to Islam.

Istighfār as a cause of worldly blessings (71:10–12): "I said: Ask forgiveness of your Lord indeed He is Ever-Forgiving. He will send rain upon you in showers and give you increase in wealth and children and provide for you gardens and provide for you rivers." Ibn Kathīr: the astounding connection seeking forgiveness from sins opens the door to worldly provision. This is one of the clearest statements in the Qurʾān that istighfār has material consequences, not just spiritual ones.

فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا ۝ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا ۝ وَيُمْدِدْكُم بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ Fa-qultu staghfirū rabbakum innahu kāna ghaffārā · yursili s-samāʾa ʿalaykum midrārā · wa yumdidkum bi-amwālin wa banīn I said: Ask forgiveness of your Lord indeed He is Ever-Forgiving He will send rain upon you in showers and give you increase in wealth and children. (71:10–12)
رَّبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَن دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ Rabbi ghfir lī wa li-wālidayya wa li-man dakhala baytiya muʾminan wa li-l-muʾminīna wa l-muʾmināt My Lord forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house as a believer and the believing men and believing women. (71:28) Nūḥ's final supplication: expansive mercy for all believers across all time.
  • 950 years of mission (71:23 / Qurʾān 29:14): Nūḥ called for 950 years the longest single prophetic mission in history. Only 80 people believed, according to some narrations. Ibn Kathīr: success in daʿwah is not measured by numbers Nūḥ's mission was complete even though few believed, because he conveyed the message fully and persistently.
  • Their idols named (71:23): "And they said: Do not leave your gods and do not leave Wadd, Suwāʿ, Yaghūth, Yaʿūq, and Nasr." Ibn Kathīr: these idols were originally names of righteous men from the time before Nūḥ. After their deaths, Shayṭān inspired their people to make statues in their memory "to remember them" gradually turning memorial into worship. Ibn Kathīr: this is the origin of all idol worship.
  • They led many astray (71:24): "And they have already led many astray and do not increase the wrongdoers except in error." Nūḥ's final assessment of his people they actively spread their misguidance. His duʿāʾ against them came after 950 years of patience. Ibn Kathīr: the permission to make duʿāʾ against persistent oppressors but not before exhausting all means of guidance.
  • The flood described (71:25–26): "Because of their sins they were drowned and put into the Fire and they found no helpers besides Allah." Ibn Kathīr: drown in the flood then Fire in the hereafter. Two punishments, two realms, two forms of divine justice responding to the same crimes.
  • The command: Do not leave any disbeliever (71:26): Nūḥ's duʿāʾ: "My Lord do not leave upon the earth any inhabitant from the disbelievers." Ibn Kathīr: this specific prayer was granted making Nūḥ the father of the second human generation. But the Prophet Muḥammad was forbidden from making this same duʿāʾ his mercy extends to the end of the dunya.

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